Sun: flares

Global Energetics of Solar Powerful Events on 2017 September 6

Solar activity relations in energetic electron events measured by the MESSENGER mission

Solar energetic electron events measured by MESSENGER and Solar Orbiter. Peak intensity and energy spectrum radial dependences: Statistical analysis

The relativistic solar particle event on 28 October 2021: Evidence of particle acceleration within and escape from the solar corona

*Aims.* We analyse particle, radio, and X-ray observations during the first relativistic proton event of solar cycle 25 detected on Earth. The aim is to gain insight into the relationship between relativistic solar particles detected in space and the …

The first widespread solar energetic particle event observed by Solar Orbiter on 2020 November 29

*Context.* On 2020 November 29, the first widespread solar energetic particle (SEP) event of solar cycle 25 was observed at four widely separated locations in the inner (≲1 AU) heliosphere. Relativistic electrons as well as protons with energies 50 …

The long period of $^3$He-rich solar energetic particles measured by Solar Orbiter 2020 November 17-23

We report observations of a relatively long period of 3He-rich solar energetic particles (SEPs) measured by Solar Orbiter. The period consists of several well-resolved ion injections. The high-resolution STEREO-A imaging observations reveal that the …

Connecting solar flare hard X-ray spectra to in situ electron spectra. A comparison of RHESSI and STEREO/SEPT observations

*Aims.* We aim to constrain the acceleration, injection, and transport processes of flare-accelerated energetic electrons by comparing their characteristics at the Sun with those injected into interplanetary space. *Methods.* We have identified 17 …